Last night Paul Beame presented a new paper by Thomas
Holenstein that simplifies and improves part of Ran Raz's proof of the Parallel
Repetition Theorem, one of the more complicated arguments in
computational complexity. The new result replaces roughly Section 6 of
Raz's paper with a new embedding argument (Holenstein's Lemma 8), a
way for two players to usually agree on the outcome of a distribution
where they both have approximations of the distribution, using only
shared randomness and no other communication.
Paul did take nearly an hour sketching Raz's proof (with a little help
from Ran who was in the audience) before he could even describe
Holenstein's contribution so we don't yet have a simple version of the
parallel repetition theorem, but it has become much simpler than
before.