In yesterday's post I linked to some lecture
notes of Vigoda on Valiant's result. Those notes also cite a paper
of Zankó. Now every paper has a story but this one is a little
more interesting than most.
In my first year as an assistant professor at the University of
Chicago, I taught a graduate complexity course where I gave a homework
question to show that computing the permanent of a matrix A with
nonnegative integer entries is in #P. Directly constructing a
nondeterministic Turing machine such that Perm(A) is the number of
accepting computations of M(A) is not too difficult and that was the
approach I was looking for.
In class we had shown that computing the permanent of a zero-one
matrix is in #P so Viktoria Zankó decided to reduce my homework
question to this problem. She came up with a rather clever reduction
that converted a matrix A to a zero-one matrix B with
Perm(A)=Perm(B). This reduction indeed answered my homework question
while, unbeknownst to Zankó at the time, answered an open
question of Valiant. Thus Zankó got a publication by solving a
homework problem the hard way.